ANLiegen Natur

Table of contents
ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 1 till 6 download full text (german only, 1,0 MB).

News of the Internet
ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 7 till 10 download full text (german only,0,7 MB).

Notes from nature and environment
ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 11 till 18 download full text (german only, 1,1 MB).

Martin Sommer
Protection of the arable flora in Bavaria – history and recommendations for a sustainable conservation on the basis of recent mappings

Summary
Based on history the reasons for the decline of arable plants in middle Europe are discussed as well as recent efforts its protection in Bavaria. Based on this history and on recent mappings in Bavaria, especially in the administrative district Neumarkt/Oberpfalz, recommendations for sustainable conservation are deduced. After early efforts for the protection of arable flora during the 1980s, arable plant protection had ups and downs through different strategies which were abandoned again in most cases. Nevertheless, the decline of rare species in particular could not be stopped in all cases by the different initiatives. To the contrary, previously common arable species are currently rare and are listed on many Red Lists. This indicates that the protection efforts need to be expanded urgently. The current population trends of arable plants work against the biodiversity strategy of the Bavarian government. Only extensification of marginal agricultural land, more and better conservation initiatives, such as the resettlement of arable species on former or suitable habitats, are able to protect and eventually to enrich the native arable flora respective what is left of it.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 19 till 28 download full text (predominantly in german, 1,4 MB).

Agnes Mitterer and Karlheinz Schaile
Opencast mining as an opportunity for conservation: mining of siliceous earth near Neuburg an der Donau as an example for the management of habitats of pioneer species

Summary
The siliceous earth mining enterprise near Neuburg an der Donau provides an example of successful cooperation between nature conservation and a company. By matching the existing economic conditions and operational needs with nature conservation, targeted habitats for pioneer species on mining waste tips and in opencast pits were ecologically optimized and supported. Many endangered species present in the initial habitats were able to find substitute habitats on the operational areas. Of particular importance are the Yellow-Bellied Toad (Bombina variegata), the Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) and the Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus).

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 29 till 35 download full text (predominantly in german, 1,3 MB).

Dennis van de Poel and Andreas Zehm
The impact of mowing on meadow fauna – a literature review for the purposes of nature conservation

Summary
This present literature review examines threats to animals due to mowing and suggests ways that these threats can be mitigated. To reduce the impact of mowing on animals, the manager of the meadow has several options. The most effective of these include avoiding mowing in a certain area and/or at a certain time. To maintain strips of old grass, to rotate fallow land, to reduce the number of mows per year and to delay the first mowing date are the methods of choice. Mowing from the inside of the meadow toward the outer boundary, a method which drives animals into refuge areas near the border, is easy to implement and highly effective. The goal should be to drive over as little of the surface area as possible by increasing or standardizing the mower width. This parameter has already had a significant influence on the probability of survival of the animals. Bar mowers are preferred and, in general, the use of conditioners should be avoided. Mulching is not an appropriate substitute for mowing. The cutting height should be minimally 10 cm, or preferably more. The mown material should be neither tedded nor raked and, at earliest, it should be loaded on to the trailer one day after mowing. Although not all of these measures can be implemented in a single meadow, it’s always worth trying to apply as many as possible during the regular procedure of operation. Even minor improvements can ensure the survival of a population.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 36 till 51 download full text (predominantly in german, 1,7 MB).

Johannes Marabini
Suppressing of invasive Wild Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) with peacock goat grazing

Summary
Secondary succession by woody plants is common on abandoned military training areas. Due to the high explosive ordnance load in these areas, manual management methods cannot be used and encroaching shrubs can become difficult to control. In addition to Przewalski’s horses, goats can help to keep areas cleared through their grazing. The peacock goats can suppress the growth of invasive Wild Black Cherry (Prunus serotina). Since April 2012, these goats have been released into the Tennenlohe Forest Nature Reserve (Middle Franconia). Results show that the Wild Black Cherry was extensively grazed by the goats and that succession could be slowed significantly, particularly when multi-species grazing (horse and goat) was used.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 52 till 57 download full text (predominantly in german, 1,0 MB).

Lothar Frese
Management of genetic diversity of crop wild relatives (CWR) in their natural habitats

Summary
Crop wild relatives are an important, indispensable and at the same time vulnerable genetic resource of plant breeding. The setting of genetic reserves can improve the maintenance of this economically important species group. Three complementary approaches for the establishment of a genetic reserve network and associated legal, organizational and technical matters are being discussed.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 58 till 66 download full text (predominantly in german, 0,9 MB).

Greta Gaudig, Claudia Oehmke, Susanne Abel and Christian Schröder
Re-thinking mires: Advantages of paludiculture

Summary
Draining bogs results in their degradation. Large amounts of greenhouse gases are emitted, wetland species habitats and productive sites are lost. The cultivation of wetlands, marshes and bogs (= paludiculture), however, results in site specific, sustainable land use with positive effects for both environmental and nature conservation. The aboveground biomass of reeds, alders, peat mosses and other wetland plants can be used as raw material for industrial purposes and bioenergy production. Currently, numerous pilot areas and projects have demonstrated the feasibility of wetland cultivation in fens and bogs. Paludiculture is recognized worldwide as a viable concept. For large-scale implementation in Germany, it is necessary to adapt the techniques and revise the regulatory framework.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 67 till 74 download full text (predominantly in german, 0,9 MB).

Magdalena Meikl
On the track of Alpine and Fire Salamanders as indicators for natural habitats

Summary
Alpine and Fire Salamanders are typical inhabitants of natural forests and mountain areas. The completely black Alpine Salamander gives birth to fully developed offspring and is endemic to the European Alps. It is protected throughout Europe. The Fire Salamander lives in deciduous forests and its populations are often locally endangered. Habitat destruction, and reduction of water bodies, and a recently-discovered, virulent skin fungal pathogen are only some of the threats affecting both Salamander species. The monitoring of Fire Salamander numbers over a long period of time is one method used to survey population development. Instating local protection measures and increasing public awareness can greatly help preserve Alpine and Fire Salamanders in the future.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 75 till 81 download full text (predominantly in german, 0,8 MB).

Jacqueline Petrich
The use of landscape simulations in participatory planning actions

Summary
In addition to nature and species protection, assessing alterations in landscapes are central to devising the required planning stages in the context of interventions. As the use of renewable energy expands, local citizens are encouraged to become more involved in project planning. To clearly illustrate the potential changes in the landscape to the public, the use of digital terrain visualization is helpful or essential. From a cost-benefit perspective, it is necessary to choose visualization techniques based on the respective goal and audience. In general, at present the combination of interactive 3D-overviews and realistic 2D-/3D-still images has proved practical. Special 3D simulation tools, however, already have the potential – if technically and conceptually improved – to become universal and highly efficient visualization tools in the near future.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 82 till 88 download full text (predominantly in german, 0,8 MB).

News from Environmental Law and Administration
ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 89 till 92 download full text (german only, 0,7 MB).

Paul-Bastian Nagel
News from the environmental impact assessment (EIA) – a summary of the 12th UVP-conference in Bad Honnef

Summary
The new EU environmental impact assessment directive (2014/52/EU) has to be implemented in national and state law by May 2017. Apart from minor corrections and clarifications in some aspects it will also have immediate effects on the application of the assessment in Germany. Moreover different Supreme Court decisions defining the requirements of the assessment based upon expanded possibilities for legal actions of associations or citizens. In case of doubt the responsible administration should request a complete assessment. The following short article summarizes selected discussion points of the 12th UVP-congress in Bad Honnef (Germany) and will explain their practical relevance.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 93 till 96 download full text (predominantly in german, 0,4 MB).

Wolfram Adelmann and Peter Sturm
ELENA project – living animals in European schools

Summary
Together with project partners from Romania, Hungary and Georgia the Bavarian Academy of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management brings living animals in the lessons of European schools. In ELENA, the follow-up project of „animals live“, the experiential learning with living animals will be developed. Aim is to brief children for the context of the biological diversity and to support them to develop ecologically oriented values. The first successfully established module is the temporary keeping of chicken in school yards.

ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 97 till 100 download full text (predominantly in german, 0,6 MB).

Books, booklets and information offers
ANLiegen Natur 36/2 (2014): Pages 101 till 104 download full text (german only, 0,5 MB).