ANLiegen Natur Year 2010

Jens Sachteleben, Christine Simlacher, Thomas Keller, Bernd-Ulrich Rudolf, Katrin Ruff and Brigitte Schäffler (2010): Distribution of the European Otter in Bavaria-status quo in 2008. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 3 till 8.

Summary
During the years 2005 to 2007 the actual range of the otter in Bavaria was examined by targeted search of tracks in the surrounding of bridges, etc. on 40 ordnance maps (OM) along the known geographic range of the otter. New records were made on 22 OM, the number of OM with records increased by 31%.

Dispersion tendencies were mainly discovered in South-East Bavaria, beyond that in Upper Franconia and parts of Upper Palatinate. The examination of isolated former records in Middle Franconia and the South of Munich was unsuccessful.

On the basis of density studies in adjacent Upper Austria the estimated population in Eastern Bavaria (from the Fichtel Mountains to the Danube) is 169 to 447 individuals, the maximum is probably about 300 otters.

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Wolfgang von Brackel (2010): Establishment of oligotrophic grasslands on Munich's compensation areas- a comparison between different techniques. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 9 till 24.

Summary
In 1994-1997 an experiment to establish semi-dry grassland on former farmland was started in in the surroundings of the „Hochmutting-estate“ north of Munich. Several alternatives were tested. After eleven years of observation the variant of „mown swath transfer on bare gravel ground“ showed to be superior to all others. The variants „divot transfer“ and „top soil transfer“ did not show better results; moreover they are more sumptuous and lead to the destruction of the donor location. The variant „mown swath transfer on not-removed topsoil“ showed to be inferior to all other variants and is not suited as a compensation measure for the destruction of semi-dry grasslands.

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Stefan Marzelli (2010): Dealing with land resources in Alpine regions: which instruments of regional development exist? ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 25 till 33.

Summary
One of the major trends in Alpine regions is urban sprawl which affects landscape issues but as well social and economic aspects. As area for permanent settlement is limited in Alpine regions due to natural constraints, land management is even more relevant than outside the Alpine area. Consequently it is an important factor for sustainable development for which some rationale is outlined. Main drivers such as socio-economic and technological change, individual preferences or municipal budgets are identified. Present development of land transformation is presented using actual data from the Interreg III B-project DIAMONT. Finally some instruments such as pooling of commercial areas on a regional level and rezoning of residential areas are introduced which promise options for sustainable land use management at a regional basis.

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Herbert Rebhan (2010): Cicycle paths and nature conservation in Upper Franconia. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 34 till 40.

Summary
Cycling is said to be fully environmentally friendly. In the next years, additional financial means are planned for the further expansion of the bicycle path network. However, the new construction and upgrading of bicycle paths can negatively impact on the ecological balance of the area.

At first, this article describes the general consequences of road transport infrastructure from a nature conservation point of view. Then, it focuses on bicycle paths. Especially asphalt surfaces and disturbances resulting from bicycle paths can affect species communities in many ways. Therefore, in Upper Franconia criteria and references were developed to use precise compensation factors which contribute to a comparable assessment of bicycle paths. In principle, a monetary compensation is possible apart from the allocation of land.

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Tanja Berthold and Peter Sturm (2010): The importance of biological diversity- a task for environmental education: the example of the project "Animals live". ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 41 till 47.

Summary
Selected aspects of biological diversity are presented regarding its relevance for society as well as its importance and perception by children and teenagers. A status-quo analysis shows urgent need for action and chances for successful environmental education. The key role of environmental education in communicating biological diversity and the need for its enhanced support are presented.

This article especially emphasises the importance of connecting environmental knowledge with emotions and actions. The goals and contents of the project “Animals live" are presented as an example for the concrete implementation of this idea. Suggestions and materials to be used in practice should encourage teachers and environmental educators to increasingly use living animals in education. The projects “Animals live" also integrates further goals such as the wise use of our environment, the awareness for the importance of biological diversity and the establishment of an ecological value system.

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Rolf Helfrich, Ulrike Lorenz, Jens Sachteleben, Christine Simlacher, Michael Wagner und Michael Winterholler (2010): Biodiversity in Bavaria a first estimation of species numbers. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 48 till 50.

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Robert Kapa (2010): Rediscovery of the Danubian Iangbarbel gudgeon (Romanogobio uranoscopus, Agassiz 1828) in Bavaria. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 51 till 53.

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Gerhard Gabel (2010): Diversity of cultural landscape - Cultural landscape structure of Bavaria. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 53 bis 56.

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Manfred Holztrattner (2010): Our common request N.A.T.U.R.E. ANLiegen Natur 34: pages 57 till 63.

Summary
Economy and society are connected very close. There is no society without economy and vice versa no economy without society. All actions in the economy have impacts on the society and its members. The task of the politicians is to build up and maintain a frame of economic rules which has to orientate itself on moral standards like honesty, confidence, reliability and responsibility.

The present financial and economic crisis results from a worldwide lack of responsibility in the political and economic decisions of the past decades. By weakening the existent frame of order the chief executives permitted a vast playground for all the speculators in the markets for securities, foreign currencies, commodities and properties. The economic history of the past 200 years shows clearly, that all comparable crises have their sources in the speculative excesses of the financial industry, promoted by a too liberalistic economic policy. But the “elitist" politicians and company leaders, responsible for their far-reaching decisions in the “global" economic system, did not observe their “global" responsibility and created the biggest financial disaster we ever had in the history. The recent bubble caused a financial demand of more than 10.000 Billion $ only to rescue the big players in the financial industry und support the national economies worldwide. Therefore the states are indebted more than ever before and we all have financial and social problems we cannot assess yet.It is essential to take a different way: a social market economy instead of the past liberalisticmonetaristic system and the promotion of long-term investments instead of supporting short-term speculations. We need to think of the crisis as a transition from a system founded on infinite growth and the endless mobilization of resources, towards a system dominated by the need to contend with rarity and limited possibilities.

Our common target in economic and social politics should be a sustainable development and the reflection on N.A.T.U.R.E (to use the title of this magazine): “New And True Universal Responsibility".

And last but not least: In a new European self-confidence we should think about linking together the different sciences (natural, arts, social, economics) to a “European School of Human Responsibility" to overcome the unbalanced economic (mis-)understanding referring to the proper targets of our economic actions and to come to a comprehensive, effective and sustained concept of social order.

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